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Here is a brief introduction to Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB), Load Break Switch (LBS), SF₆ Gas Circuit Breaker, Outdoor Circuit Breaker, and Indoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker, covering their core features, principles, and applications:
Definition: A switching device using high vacuum (vacuum degree ≥10⁻⁴ Pa) as the arc-extinguishing and insulating medium, which is the mainstream equipment in medium and high-voltage fields.
Core Principle: When the contacts separate in a vacuum, the arc is quickly extinguished (within 0.01~0.02 seconds) due to the lack of gas medium to sustain it.
Features:
1.Strong arc-extinguishing performance and long mechanical life (up to 100,000 operations or more);
2.No oil or SF₆, environmentally friendly and safe, with minimal maintenance;
3.Compact size and light weight, suitable for tight spaces.
4.Applications: 10kV~35kV medium and high-voltage systems, such as substations, industrial power distribution, and new energy grid connection.
Definition: A switching device mainly used to switch on and off normal operating current (load current). It cannot interrupt short-circuit current (relying on fuses or circuit breakers for short-circuit protection).
Core Principle: It can extinguish small arcs (e.g., those generated by load current) during switching, but its arc-extinguishing capacity is limited.
Features:
1.Simple structure, low cost, and easy operation;
2.Single function, only used for normal load control, requiring external protection (e.g., fuses).
3.Applications: Low-voltage (0.4kV) or medium-voltage (6~10kV) distribution branches, such as community power distribution and on-off control of small industrial loads.
Definition: A high-voltage switching device using sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) gas as the arc-extinguishing and insulating medium. SF₆ has strong insulation (about 2.5 times that of air) and arc-extinguishing ability.
Core Principle: SF₆ gas decomposes into low-conductivity substances under arc high temperature and quickly recombines after cooling, efficiently extinguishing the arc.
Features:
1.Extremely strong arc-extinguishing capacity, suitable for high voltage levels (110kV and above) and large current scenarios;
2.Relatively compact, but SF₆ is a potent greenhouse gas (with a high Global Warming Potential value), requiring strict recycling to avoid leakage.
3.Applications: 220kV and above ultra-high voltage, extra-high voltage substations, such as main power grid lines and large power plant outlets.
Definition: A circuit breaker designed specifically for outdoor environments, capable of withstanding harsh conditions such as wind, rain, temperature extremes, pollution, and ultraviolet radiation.
Core Features:
1.High protection rating (e.g., IP65 and above), with enclosures made of weather-resistant materials (e.g., stainless steel, reinforced plastic);
2.Enhanced insulation design (e.g., extended creepage distance) to adapt to outdoor humid and polluted environments;
3.Arc-extinguishing medium can be vacuum or SF₆ (selected based on voltage level: vacuum for medium voltage, SF₆ for high voltage).
4.Applications: Outdoor substations, overhead line terminals, outdoor distribution areas of wind/solar power plants, etc.
Definition: A vacuum breaker installed indoors (e.g., in distribution rooms or switchgear), designed for dry and clean indoor environments.
Core Features:
1.More compact, saving indoor space;
2.Moderate protection rating (e.g., IP3X), no need to cope with extreme outdoor environments;
3.Inherits the environmental friendliness and long life advantages of vacuum circuit breakers.
4.Applications: Indoor substations, industrial plant distribution rooms, building power distribution systems (10~35kV level).
Equipment Type |
Core Function |
Arc-Extinguishing Medium |
Typical Voltage Level |
Environmental Adaptability |
Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) |
Interrupt load + short-circuit current |
Vacuum |
10~35kV |
Suitable for both indoor/outdoor |
Load Break Switch (LBS) |
Only interrupt load current |
Air/gas |
0.4~10kV |
Mainly indoor |
SF₆ Gas Circuit Breaker |
Interrupt high-voltage and large current |
SF₆ gas |
110kV and above |
Suitable for both indoor/outdoor |
Outdoor Circuit Breaker |
Adapt to harsh outdoor environments |
Vacuum/SF₆ |
All voltage levels |
Exclusive to outdoor |
Indoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker |
Load + short-circuit protection in compact indoor spaces |
Vacuum |
10~35kV |
Exclusive to indoor |
These devices form the control and protection network of power systems based on voltage levels, environmental requirements, and functional positioning.